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Open Access Article
1 - New discoveries Architecture from the Late Sassanid and Early Islamic period in the Seimare River Basin(Central Zagros)
Mahnaz sharigiThe Sassanid dynasty gradually changed its political focus from Fars to the open and strategic land of Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late reign of Shapur II. Definitely, the purpose of this power transfer was to dominate the western borders and the fertile lands of MoreThe Sassanid dynasty gradually changed its political focus from Fars to the open and strategic land of Mesopotamia during the Middle and Late reign of Shapur II. Definitely, the purpose of this power transfer was to dominate the western borders and the fertile lands of Iraq and Khuzestan. The Central Zagros valleys were highly considered as the closest highlands to the political center during this period for the reasons including being located in the highway linking the imperial center with the political center, and its fertility and environmental diversity. The presence of the settlements from the Sassanid period with relatively higher densities than the environmental capability, being located in inaccessible natural valleys, being away from the main communication routes, and most importantly establishing them simultaneously. (so that all of these areas were on pristine soil and not built for the continuation of previous settlements) .the archaeological evidence that demonstrate these centers as the remnants of Sasanian armies that had been active in the dispersed resistance and continued artistic and architectural life beyond the reach of Muslims. New archaeological excavations led to viewing a part of the architectural remains of aristocratic luxurious houses and residential homes. In addition to evaluating the functionality and age of the newly-explored sites, we consider questions such as how to link between the contemporaneous master buildings in the Simare area in this paper. The results indicated the continuation of the settlements from the Sassanid period until the early Islam; the pottery evidence strongly support this dating as well. Thus, this paper attempts to answer the question that “what is the function of the obtained architectural remains and to what period do they belong?” The present research has been based on the archaeological excavations in recent years, trying to explain architectural works with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Cultural Analysis of Space in In Kurdish Residential Architecture; Case Study: Traditional Houses in Mukrian (The City of Sardasht)
Elham Rashidzadeh Foad HabibiSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organ MoreSpace is one of the most important architectural issue whose form, structure and organization are directly related to culture. In fact, the aspects and components of culture in the built environment are appear in the form of space. It can be said that architecture organizes the social and cultural laws inherent in customs and habits through the language of physical appearance and space. Therefore, the way of organization, order and type of spaces, in addition to representing the cultural background and identity of residents, also affects the social structure of the user of the space. The main purpose of this study is investigateting the nature of residential architecture in the region of Kurdistan Makri (Mokrian), with emphasis on the characteristics and features of the architectural space and how it is organized and arranged from the perspective of culture. To achieve this goal, using a qualitative method of ethnography, the totality of Kurdish culture is based on more tangible variables that affect the architectural space (lifestyle, family structure, gender role (status of women), privacy and the process of social relations) in the relationship with the shape of houses has been investigated. Architectural data collection (planning, sketching and photography) using the field method in relation to the shape of traditional houses (urban houses) in Sardasht, located in northwestern Iran, as a general example and studies of urban housing and verancular architecture The Kurdish region of Mokrian has been done. Therefore, in order to analyze the spatial structure, the space layout pattern and their diagram were drawn using Agraph software. Then, the correlation indices, Relative Asymmetry, Mean depth Cv (control) of the spaces were analyzed using mathematical relationships of spacetime for each sample. The general results of the research show that the traditional architecture of Mokrian region is a combination of introverted and extroverted architecture. In the urban houses of this region, the issue of privacy has a complex structure due to the specific culture of the Kurds, and most of the spaces have a public dimension. The status and position of women in the house and family system in terms of the number of spouses is very important in the way of space organization that reflects behaviors derived from their culture, local customs and social structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Review the Levels of Life in Constructions referring to the Historical Houses of Yazd
Hossein Mahdavipour Shahrbabak seyed mohammad kazemi کاظمی Seyed Ali Akbar KoosheshgaranThe universe is made up of living and non-living beings. Based on its capacity, each of them has a level of life. Human creations, because of the change or stability in the conditions of matter, make it possible discover or create and have the ability to create levels o MoreThe universe is made up of living and non-living beings. Based on its capacity, each of them has a level of life. Human creations, because of the change or stability in the conditions of matter, make it possible discover or create and have the ability to create levels of life. The builders’ attempt to create works and structures which is somewhat close to these characteristics. Characteristics in which the sense of vitality, kindness and other qualitative components are strengthened. Therefore, the research emerges to ask such questions; which classification can be considered in relation to the levels of life in constructions? How has the spatial quality of traditional houses in Yazd achieved success with the presence of life components? The present article seeks to present or propose the concept of life classification in structures in which more properly is expressed the values and characteristics related to the life of structures. Therefore, it seems that this feature is more recognizable in traditional cities. In order to understand it precisely with reference to the historical texture of Yazd city, the patterns of the central courtyard houses, sunken garden and garden house are selected and classified. The research is based on analytical and descriptive method along with documentary and field data collection. Also, in a precise framework, all datas are collected and analyzed based on the principle of induction, and summarized the document. The result shows that, in the traditional houses of Yazd, six general systems related to the category of life can be identified. Life as an empirical thing exists in all beings. It looks like metaphorical, energical, biological, and Spiritual aspects. Finally life as an inspiring idea forms the structure of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The pattern effect of central courtyard geometric on the air flow in traditional houses of Shushtar
ali mardani امین رؤسائیThe central courtyard is one of the ancient and valuable models of Iranian climatic architecture and as a physical element in organizing the structure of the space of traditional houses has responded to various dimensions of biological, social and cultural needs. The ge MoreThe central courtyard is one of the ancient and valuable models of Iranian climatic architecture and as a physical element in organizing the structure of the space of traditional houses has responded to various dimensions of biological, social and cultural needs. The geometry of the central courtyard (shape and proportions) as the main design feature always affects the performance of the amount of radiated energy absorbed, suitable thermal comfort conditions, and the pattern of air flow movement. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the relationship between yard proportions and airflow pattern in traditional Shushtar houses. In order to achieve more accurate findings in the existing buildings, Nanaee, Rezvan, Aminzadeh, and Baghal houses were selected as the studied samples in a historical period, with minimal intervention in their spatial structure. The research method of this research is a hybrid method due to its interdisciplinary nature. Firstly, the initial observations, using the experimental strategy, the independent variables (shape, proportions) of the yards are identified and the dependent variables (wind flow velocity) have been measured by using digital anemometer device. Secondly, Anemometers are measured. In order to study the data more accurately, the simulation of this research is performed by CFD computational fluid dynamics method by using Design Modeler and Fluent software. Finally, the air flow inside the yards is analyzed. The results show that houses with four-sided construction yards with length to widths of 1.08 and 1.2 have the most favorable air flow distribution conditions and three-sided construction yards with lengths of 1.01 and 1.13 width in terms of uniform air flow distribution suffer .They enjoy unfavorable conditions in the hot seasons of the year in Shushtar. Changes in the proportions and geometric pattern of the yards have affected the air quality conditions and thermal comfort conditions of the residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating privacy in the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran using space syntax technique
Rouhollah Rahimi Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Mahdieh Beyshami Sahar Amini GoharriziHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definit MoreHome is the most important place to restore peace and revitalize human life. It is a place to be with family, social interactions, relax, do favorite activities and get rid of daily human tensions. With the passage of time and the advancement of technology, many definitions of our daily lives have changed. A concept that is still firmly preserved is the concept of human privacy. Traditional Iranian architects have tried to design houses while maintaining the principles of privacy in open and closed spaces of houses, but over time, with the growth of apartment living, development of construction technology and the integration of Western culture with Iranian-Islamic culture, observance of privacy in homes, especially in open spaces, has declined. Mazandaran province is one of the regions that has undergone many inappropriate construction changes. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and knowledge of the components affecting the syntax of space on the open spaces of traditional houses in Mazandaran. This study seeks to find physical patterns of privacy in the open spaces of Mazandaran houses by extracting patterns of privacy in Mazandaran houses. In this research, first, through field studies, patterns are found and then, using the space syntax technique and Depthmap software, the indices of depth, connection and interconnection and isoust in the building will be studied. The results of the present study showed that open space has an important and fundamental role on the level of spatial privacy and also the geometry and location of the yard relative to the building has a double effect on the visibility of observers to different spaces of the house. In such a way that the yards that have irregular geometry and are located in the middle, back and side sections, the visibility of the entrance door to different parts of the house is minimized and also the privacy is increased by increasing the depth and caution index in traditional open house he does. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Toward finding the comparison between evolution in contemporary and historical home in Sanandaj
Azadeh AghalatifiWe live in an era which the change is a main part of it, and this is due to the successive developments in architecture. But everything in a city is not equally affected by changes, and home, the place that is more closely associated with human life, has undergone a lot MoreWe live in an era which the change is a main part of it, and this is due to the successive developments in architecture. But everything in a city is not equally affected by changes, and home, the place that is more closely associated with human life, has undergone a lot of change. The present paper attempts to focus on historic and contemporary homes of Sanandaj, offering a reading that goes beyond the physical and into local living culture. The research adopts a qualitative approach on three levels: an analysis of the town’s general characteristics and its effects on houses, as well as an analytic-descriptive comparison between some examples, and finally an analysis based on compatibilities of local living culture and architecture through deep, semi-structured interviews. The results show that the main distinct features of Sanandaj homes are their relation with nature, the attention paid to exterior views whilst keeping privacy, the importance of the semi-opened space in them and the spatial hierarchies. However, the continuity of these features in the contemporary homes is vague. Thus, it can be claimed that changes in the city and the external form of buildings in one hand and interior space, in the other hand, indicate a lack of dependence of contemporary home on traditional architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Reading the meaning of mandala in the pattern of Behnam and Qadaki Qajar houses of Tabriz
sara pourmokhtar Mohammadreza pakdelfard Hassan SattariFrom the Qajar period of Tabriz, extremely valuable houses have been left. One of them is Behnam and the other is Qadaki who have a common entrance and porch and it seems that there are hidden concepts behind their architectural plan. Addressing the issue of meaning and MoreFrom the Qajar period of Tabriz, extremely valuable houses have been left. One of them is Behnam and the other is Qadaki who have a common entrance and porch and it seems that there are hidden concepts behind their architectural plan. Addressing the issue of meaning and finding deep layers in the field of architecture is inevitable. Therefore, in order to find these concepts and the relationship between these two buildings in terms of using archetypal concepts, a comparative comparison has been made. One of Jung's most important archetypes is the self (mandala). And it is necessary to investigate more precisely, the main questions of the research are raised as follows: 1. How has the mandala archetype appeared in the architecture of the houses of Qadki and Behnam in Tabriz? 2. What is the manifestation of meaning based on the archetypal concepts of mandala in Behnam and Qadki houses? The aim of this research is to find the basic patterns as a common language for the continuity of the architecture of these houses. In this research, the ancient pattern of mandala can be recovered by semiotic reading through its basic forms, images and representation of its concepts. Considering the historical-analytic nature of the research and the comparative comparison of the studied houses, it has been summarized qualitatively and descriptively. At the same time, according to its theoretical approach, the semiotic approach has been used to extract symbols and meaning. Referring to the method of layered semiotics, it has been used to convert the data into paradigm patterns that indicate the presence of the mandala in the formation of the structure of the studied houses. In the following, the semantic analysis of each of the mandala images in the studied samples has been done. The result of the research shows the traces of mandal images such as numbers and specific geometric patterns. The first architectural foundations of Behnam and Qadaki houses are in the form of simple, regular geometrical shapes, which include circles, regular polygons, and squares, which are developed in a mandal combination and have an archaic nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Analysis of the Role of Culture and Environment in the Formation of Bastakian Houses in Dubai and Houses in Southern Cities of Iran
hossein soltanzadeh rasa moradi ghazaleh mirhadiThe architecture and culture of southern Iranian cities had a significant influence on the architecture and culture of Arab countries around the Persian Gulf. One notable example is the influence on the architecture of the Bastakiya neighborhood in Dubai, which was a re MoreThe architecture and culture of southern Iranian cities had a significant influence on the architecture and culture of Arab countries around the Persian Gulf. One notable example is the influence on the architecture of the Bastakiya neighborhood in Dubai, which was a result of the migration of Iranian merchants to the Bastakiya neighborhood. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the local architecture and culture of southern Iranian cities on the architecture of the Bastakiya neighborhood. The research method was descriptive-analytical and involved comparing and studying six case studies of old-fashioned houses in Bushehr and Bastakiya. The results show that, in addition to environmental issues, culture and lifestyle had an significant influence on the layout and structure of houses in both regions. The migration of Iranians to Bastakiya caused the culture and lifestyle of Iranian immigrants to influence the structure of houses, and similarities between the architectural design of houses in both regions were observed in issues such as spatial planning, integration, privacy, construction methods, and internal circulation of space. In both regions, different spaces were defined for men and women as private and common spaces, and there were also spaces for guests and male visitors that were separate from the private space of the house. The central courtyard and windows and windcatchers were used as tools to create natural ventilation and cooling. Additionally, different spaces such as public, semi-public, and private spaces were defined in each house for various activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Impact of the socio-cultural worldview of tourists on their intention to visit Shushtar traditional houses
Yazdan shirmohammad Mehran ShahrestaniThis research try to investigate the effect of cultural worldview and the authenticity of Shushtar traditional houses on the intention of tourists to visit Shushtar traditional houses. In this research, the cultural worldview and authenticity of the behavioral intention MoreThis research try to investigate the effect of cultural worldview and the authenticity of Shushtar traditional houses on the intention of tourists to visit Shushtar traditional houses. In this research, the cultural worldview and authenticity of the behavioral intention process of tourists in visiting traditional houses have been measured by using the variables of the purposeful behavior model and with an interdisciplinary approach. It is a survey. The statistical population of the research was determined and selected based on Cochran's formula, 384 people among the tourists visiting the traditional houses of Shushtar. Statistical analysis was done using the structural equation method and using SPSS and PlS software. To test the hypotheses, a p_value smaller than 0.05 was considered. For the reliability of the questionnaire, three criteria of factor loading coefficients, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability were used, and for the validity of the questionnaire, convergent and face validity were used. Structural equation modeling examined the relationships between variables (cultural worldview, authenticity, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, anticipated positive and negative emotions, behavioral desire, and intention). this research showed that cultural worldview and authenticity, through the variables of the targeted behavior model, can play an effective role in creating desire in the behavioral intention of tourists, in the decision-making process of visiting the traditional houses of Shushtar. The results of this research showed that maintaining the authenticity of the tourist destination is an important and influential factor in forming a positive image of the destination and visiting cultural and historical areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparative analysis of the role of culture and climate on the design criteria of Qajar houses (case study: "hot and humid" and " mild and humid" climates of Iran)
Ali Mashhadi Aila SinaeiThroughout history, human has spent his life in different architectural bodies, which is the final product of man's attitude, his behavioral needs, social religious, economic and climatic conditions. The effect of each of the mentioned factors on the configuration of th MoreThroughout history, human has spent his life in different architectural bodies, which is the final product of man's attitude, his behavioral needs, social religious, economic and climatic conditions. The effect of each of the mentioned factors on the configuration of the architectural form of the houses is different, but the influence of culture and climate as the most key factors affecting the architectural characteristics is undeniable. The aim of this research is to get an attitude on the role of culture and climate on the design criteria of Qajar houses in the hot and humid and mild and humid climates of Iran with the approach of comparative analysis in order to find out the influence of each of the physical characteristics from this. Slow identification factors. The research method in this article is in the field of qualitative method and the collection of materials was done by library method and field observation. In the process of analysis, four Qajar houses with two different forms of central courtyard and block were selected in the key cities of the mentioned climates in order to determine the role of culture and climate in the architectural factors through comparative analysis. The results of the research showed that in the hot and humid climate, the criteria of hierarchy, facade and decorations, light and illumination were more influenced by culture and the climate had the greatest impact on the house form, orientation, materials and performance, while In a mild and humid climate, culture has the greatest impact on the geometry, hierarchy and scale of houses, and the climate factor has been effective on the composition, function and form of the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The application of the concept of peace in the contemporary houses of Kerman )Understanding the different aspects of the formation of peace in two apartment and independent models with a yard(
Motahareh Eslami Mahmoodabadi Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Aliakbar HeidariHousing, as a space for settling and living، has always been one of the first spaces that humans have dealt with since the beginning of history، and the characteristics of this building، especially its interior، are due to the direct connection with humans during long h MoreHousing, as a space for settling and living، has always been one of the first spaces that humans have dealt with since the beginning of history، and the characteristics of this building، especially its interior، are due to the direct connection with humans during long hours of the day. It has been of great importance. Peace is one of the spiritual and psychological needs of every person. Nowadays، humans usually spend most of our time at home، and therefore we Searching to find peace at home and rest our body and soul in this place. Considering this issue، architecture can help a lot in creating peace by inducing a sense of peace and tranquility in the interior of the house. The purpose of the current research is to examine the opinions of researchers and theorists of architecture and environmental psychology، to extract the factors that create peace from the perspective of the residents and to match them with the current spatial behavior patterns of the residents. Home. Based on this، in this research، how can peace be manifested in two common house models. Contemporary buildings including apartment houses and detached houses with courtyards will be examined. This research has been conducted with a mixed qualitative method along with quantitative analysis through a two-sample t-test، and the research process is such that in the first stage، through interviews with the residents of the houses، semantic systems derived from the spatial characteristics of each pattern extracted. In the common type of housing in Kerman (detached houses with courtyards and apartments) it was compared and the degree of peacefulness in the houses was extracted. This article finally came to the conclusion that the super meaning of peace is manifested in the model of independent houses with courtyards more than in the apartment model، which is also affected by the variety of spatial characteristics and environmental capabilities that are in this model. The house is more like an apartment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Analyzing the features of spatial combinations in the Houz-khaneh of historical houses in Isfahan (Safavid and Qajar periods)
Sara Rouholamin Mohsen afshariIn the architecture of the desert regions of Iran, water has been life and continuation of life. The properties of tricks are used in the creation of architectural elements to create comfort and peace in the lives of residents. One of the cases in Isfahan using the elem MoreIn the architecture of the desert regions of Iran, water has been life and continuation of life. The properties of tricks are used in the creation of architectural elements to create comfort and peace in the lives of residents. One of the cases in Isfahan using the element of water is Hozkhaneh Much research has been done on the historical houses of Isfahan, but Hozkhaneh space has not been given more attention. This research will be carried out to achieve the quality of the features of Hozkhaneh spatial mixers in the historical houses of Isfahan. In line with this goal, two questions are answered; What are the characteristics of spatial mixers in the Hoz Khaneh of Isfahan's historical houses? And how do they play a role? The present study analyzes the characteristics of the spatial mixers of Hozkhaneh in the historical houses of Isfahan during the Safavid and Qajar periods using a qualitative method with a practical purpose and a descriptive-historical approach. Considering cases such as the destruction of historical houses, being uninhabited, changing the use of houses to hotels, museums, and other cases, the lack of documents and maps of some historical houses, 20 historical houses with ponds in the city of Isfahan related to the mentioned periods were identified and it was checked. The results of the present research show that the pool houses are connected with other spaces of the house using doors, windows, and columns. in ponds using the features of spatial combiners; A flexible place has been formed such as optical and perspective expansion and horizontal and vertical spatial expansion. The ponds are divided into five groups in terms of neighborhood; A group of ponds are not contiguous. A group of them are connected one-way, another group two-way, the fourth group with three spaces, and the last group with four spaces. 12 of the researched ponds have rows and the rest have no rows. In the present research, the pond houses have ceiling or wall skylights, and in some of them, there are both roof and wall skylights. In nine of the researched ponds, there is Gholamgardesh. A group of pond houses have light expansion and a view to the outside, and the rest have a light expansion and a view to the inside. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The values of the Muslim human and their expression in the architecture of the Iranian Islamic house (case study: historical houses in city of Yazd)
mahshid radaei minoo gharehbaglou mohammad ali key nejhad Farhad Ahmadnejad hamed beytiHuman has values that can play a role in the formation of Iranian Islamic house architecture. Ignoring the hidden values in the experiences of our past is becoming more visible every day. The question that was raised was: How are human values manifested in the architect MoreHuman has values that can play a role in the formation of Iranian Islamic house architecture. Ignoring the hidden values in the experiences of our past is becoming more visible every day. The question that was raised was: How are human values manifested in the architecture of Iranian Islamic houses? The purpose of the research was to identify the human values governing Iranian-Islamic houses, to explain the relationship between human values with the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, and its manifestation in the architecture of the historical houses of Yazd City as the case studies. This research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was conducted by combining logical reasoning methods, descriptive-analytical and historical studies, and based on library documents and sources. We analyzed human values based on Islamic culture in house architecture in 5 axes: human relationship with God - human relationship with self - human relationship with society and others - human relationship with nature - human relationship with history. After extracting Islamic teachings, 6 examples of historical houses in Yazd City were selected and analyzed in terms of Islamic teachings in the field of human values. The results of the study showed that human values in the form of respect for the elderly, guest rights, good neighborliness, avoidance of extravagance, hierarchy, etc., were manifested in the historical houses of Yazd city. Iranian-Islamic buildings are a dynamic collection that must be constantly evolving and adapt to the needs of the residents, Iranian-Islamic concepts, principles, and human values. Therefore, by extracting human values from the pure architecture of the past, updating and restoring it, and updating and spreading it, the architecture of contemporary houses can be shaped in sync with human values. Manuscript profile
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